NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zivo Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly-owned Subsidiaries, Health Enhancement Corporation, HEPI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., WellMetrix, LLC, and Zivo Biologic, Inc. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Accounting Estimates

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management uses its best judgment in valuing these estimates and may, as warranted, solicit external professional advice and other assumptions believed to be reasonable.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purpose of the statements of cash flows, cash equivalents include time deposits, certificates of deposit and all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents balances at financial institutions and are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. At times, balances in certain bank accounts may exceed the FDIC insured limits. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased. At December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of furniture and office equipment, and are carried at cost less allowances for depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is determined by using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally five to seven years. Repair and maintenance costs that do not improve service potential or extend the economic life of an existing fixed asset are expensed as incurred.

Debt Issuance Costs

The Company follows authoritative guidance for accounting for financing costs (as amended) as it relates to convertible debt issuance cost. These costs are deferred and amortized over the term of the debt period or until redemption of the convertible debentures. Debt Issuance Costs are reported on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the face amount of the related notes. Amortization of debt issuance costs amounted to $5,093,001 and $690,079 and are included in Interest Expense and Interest Expense - Related Parties on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs in the amounts of $1,187,817 and $3,877,801 are netted against Convertible Notes Payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets presented in these financial statements as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

We will recognize net product revenue when the earnings process is complete and the risks and rewards of product ownership have transferred to our customers, as evidenced by the existence of an agreement, delivery having occurred, pricing being deemed fixed, and collection being considered probable. We record pricing allowances, including discounts based on contractual arrangements with customers, when we recognize revenue as a reduction to both accounts receivable and net revenue.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 no shipping and handling costs were incurred.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The majority of the Company’s research and development costs consist of clinical study expenses. These consist of fees, charges, and related expenses incurred in the conduct of clinical studies conducted with Company products by independent outside contractors. External clinical studies expenses were $2,814,991 and $2,381,222 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company follows the authoritative guidance for accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are determined using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were primarily attributable to net operating loss carry forwards. Since the Company has a history of losses, and it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a full valuation allowance has been established. In addition, utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards is subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the “change in ownership” provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating loss carry-forwards before utilization.

We have adjusted Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities in accordance with the December 22, 2017 enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. (See Note 11 – Income Taxes).

Stock Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. The Company, from time to time, issues common stock or grants common stock warrants to its employees, consultants and board members. At the date of grant, the Company determines the fair value of the stock option award and recognizes compensation expense over the requisite service period. Issuances of common stock are valued at the closing market price on the date of issuance and the fair value of any stock option or warrant awards is calculated using the Black Scholes option pricing model.

During 2018 and 2017, warrants were granted to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. As a result of these grants, the Company recorded compensation expense of $1,393,313 and $2,487,779 during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 respectively.

The fair value of warrants was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following weighted average assumptions:

Year Ended December 31,

The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Because the Company’s employee warrants have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion the existing models may not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of the warrants.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the Company’s net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period presented. Diluted loss per share is based on the treasury stock method and includes the effect from potential issuance of common stock such as shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of warrants and conversions of debentures. Potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2018, consisted of 232,333,598 common shares from convertible debentures and related accrued interest and 192,148,956 common shares from outstanding warrants. Potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2017, consisted of 196,097,025 common shares from convertible debentures and related accrued interest and 119,301,754 common shares from outstanding warrants. For 2018 and 2017, diluted and basic weighted average shares were the same, as potentially dilutive shares are anti-dilutive.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to operations when incurred. There were no Advertising Costs during the years 2018 and 2017.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company has historically maintained cash balances at financial institutions which exceed the current Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) limit of $250,000 at times during the year.

Reclassifications

Certain items in these consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Future Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (ASU 2014-09), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” ASU 2014-09 superseded the revenue recognition requirements in “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605),” and requires entities to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflect the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is not permitted. Historically the Company has had no revenues.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, to require lessees to recognize all leases, with certain exceptions, on the balance sheet, while recognition on the statement of operations will remain similar to current lease accounting. The ASU also eliminates real estate-specific provisions and modifies certain aspects of lessor accounting. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We currently expect to adopt the ASU on January 1, 2019. We will be required to recognize and measure leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented using a modified retrospective approach, with certain practical expedients available. We intend to elect the available practical expedients upon adoption. Upon adoption, we expect the consolidated balance sheet to include a right of use asset and liability related to substantially all of our lease arrangements. We are continuing to assess the impact of adopting the ASU on our financial position, results of operations and related disclosures and have not yet concluded whether the effect on the consolidated financial statements will be material.

Management does not believe there would have been a material effect on the accompanying financial statements had any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards been adopted in the current period.

Implementation of ASU 2015-03

The FASB has issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs,” as part of its simplification initiative. The ASU changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. Under the ASU, an entity presents such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs is reported as interest expense.

For public business entities, the guidance in the ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Although the Company adopted ASU-2015-03 in the first quarter of 2016, the Company discovered during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 that ASU-2015-03 was improperly implemented as it pertains to the classification of deferred finance costs (debt issuance costs) on its balance sheet.

The balance sheet below illustrates the presentation of the December 31, 2017 balance sheet as if ASU 2015-03 had been implemented properly:

(A)     Total Assets decreased in the amount of $3,877,801 as a result of the reclassification of net deferred finance costs (debt issuance costs).

(B)     Long Term and Total Liabilities decreased in the amount of $3,877,801 as a result of the reclassification of net deferred finance costs (debt issuance costs) as a direct deduction of the amount of the related convertible debt.

(C)     The revisions related to the implementation of ASU 2015-03 did not have an effect on any previously reported net losses, working capital or stockholders’ deficit.